Early selection of \u3cem\u3ebZIP73\u3c/em\u3e facilitated adaptation of \u3cem\u3ejaponica\u3c/em\u3e rice to cold climates

Cold stress is a major factor limiting production and geographic distribution of rice (Oryza sativa). Although the growth range of japonica subspecies has expanded northward compared to modern wild rice (O. rufipogon), the molecular basis of the adaptation remains unclear. Here we report bZIP73, a bZIP transcription factor-coding gene with only one functional polymorphism (+511 G\u3eA) between the two subspecies japonica and indica, may have facilitated japonica adaptation to cold climates. We show the japonica version of bZIP73 (bZIP73Jap) interacts with bZIP71 and modulates ABA levels and ROS homeostasis. Evolutionary and population genetic analyses suggest bZIP73 has undergone balancing selection; the bZIP73Jap allele has firstly selected from standing variations in wild rice and likely facilitated cold climate adaptation during initial japonica domestication, while the indica allele bZIP73Ind was subsequently selected for reasons that remain unclear. Our findings reveal early selection of bZIP73Jap may have facilitated climate adaptation of primitive rice germplasms

Clustering-guided novel unsupervised domain adversarial network for partial transfer fault diagnosis of rotating machinery

Unsupervised partial transfer fault diagnosis studies of rotating machinery have practical significance, which still exists some challenges, for example, the learned domain-specific statistics and parameters usually influence the learning effect of target-domain features to some degree, and the relatively scattered target-domain features will lead to negative transfer. To overcome those limitations and further improve partial transfer fault diagnosis performance, a clustering-guided novel unsupervised domain adversarial network is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a novel unsupervised domain adversarial network is constructed using domain-specific batch normalization to remove domain-specific information to enhance alignment between source and target domains. Secondly, embedded clustering strategy is designed to learn tightly clustered target-domain features to suppress negative transfer in partial domain adaptation process. Finally, a joint optimization objective function is defined to balance different losses to improve the training and diagnosis performance. Two experimental cases of bevel gearbox and bearing are used to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in solving unsupervised partial transfer fault diagnosis problems

Impact of neuraminidase inhibitors on influenza A(H1N1)pdm09‐related pneumonia: an individual participant data meta‐analysis

BACKGROUND: The impact of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) on influenza‐related pneumonia (IRP) is not established. Our objective was to investigate the association between NAI treatment and IRP incidence and outcomes in patients hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. METHODS: A worldwide meta‐analysis of individual participant data from 20 634 hospitalised patients with laboratory‐confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 (n = 20 021) or clinically diagnosed (n = 613) ‘pandemic influenza’. The primary outcome was radiologically confirmed IRP. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using generalised linear mixed modelling, adjusting for NAI treatment propensity, antibiotics and corticosteroids. RESULTS: Of 20 634 included participants, 5978 (29·0%) had IRP; conversely, 3349 (16·2%) had confirmed the absence of radiographic pneumonia (the comparator). Early NAI treatment (within 2 days of symptom onset) versus no NAI was not significantly associated with IRP [adj. OR 0·83 (95% CI 0·64–1·06; P = 0·136)]. Among the 5978 patients with IRP, early NAI treatment versus none did not impact on mortality [adj. OR = 0·72 (0·44–1·17; P = 0·180)] or likelihood of requiring ventilatory support [adj. OR = 1·17 (0·71–1·92; P = 0·537)], but early treatment versus later significantly reduced mortality [adj. OR = 0·70 (0·55–0·88; P = 0·003)] and likelihood of requiring ventilatory support [adj. OR = 0·68 (0·54–0·85; P = 0·001)]. CONCLUSIONS: Early NAI treatment of patients hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection versus no treatment did not reduce the likelihood of IRP. However, in patients who developed IRP, early NAI treatment versus later reduced the likelihood of mortality and needing ventilatory support

Modified DSAN for unsupervised cross-domain fault diagnosis of bearing under speed fluctuation

Existing researches about unsupervised cross-domain bearing fault diagnosis mostly consider global alignment of feature distributions in various domains, and focus on relatively ideal diagnosis scenario under the steady speeds. Therefore, unsupervised feature adaptation between all the corresponding subdomains under speed fluctuation remains great challenges. This paper proposes a modified deep subdomain adaptation network (MDSAN) for more practical and challenging cross-domain diagnostic scenarios from the fluctuating speeds to steady speeds. Firstly, to extract the representative features and effectively suppress negative transfer, a novel shared feature extraction module guided by multi-headed self-attention mechanism is constructed. Then, a new trade-off factor is designed to improve the convergence performance and optimization process of MDSAN. The proposed method is used for analyzing experimental bearing vibration data, and the results show that it has higher diagnostic accuracy, faster convergence, better distribution alignment, and is more suitable for unsupervised cross-domain fault diagnosis under speed fluctuation scenario compared with the existing methods

Effects of environment and space on species turnover of woody plants across multiple forest dynamic plots in East Asia

Species turnover is fundamental for understanding the mechanisms that influence large-scale species richness patterns. However, few studies have described and interpreted large-scale spatial variation in plant species turnover, and the causes of this variation remain elusive. In addition, the determinants of species turnover depend on the dispersal ability of growth forms. In this study, we explored the large-scale patterns of woody species turnover across the latitude gradient based on eight large stem-mapping plots (covering 184 ha forest) in East Asia. The patterns of woody species turnover increased significantly with increasing latitude differences in East Asia. For overall woody species, environment explained 36.30%, 37.20%, and 48.48% of the total variance in Jaccard’s (βj), Sorenson’s, (βs), and Simpson’s dissimilarity (βsim). Spatial factors explained 47.92%, 48.39%, and 41.38% of the total variance in βj, βs, and βsim, respectively. The effects of pure spatial and spatially structured environments were stronger than pure environmental effects for overall woody species. Our results support the hypothesis that the effect of neutral processes on woody species turnover is more important than the effect of the environment. Neutral processes explained more variation for turnover of tree species, and environmental factors explained more variation for the turnover of shrub species on a large scale. Therefore, trees and shrubs should be subjected to different protection strategies in future biodiversity conservation efforts

Phase shift reflectometry for wafer inspection

In 3D measurement, specular surfaces can be reconstructed by phase shift reflectometry and the system configuration is simple. In this paper, a wafer is measured for industrial inspection to make sure the quality of the wafer by calibrating, phase unwrapping, slope calculation and integration. The profile result of the whole wafer can be reconstructed and it is a curve. As the height of the structures on the wafer is the target we are interested in, by fitting and subtracting the curve surface, the structures on the wafer can be observed on the flat surface. To confirm the quality farther, a part of the wafer is captured and zoomed in to be detected so that the difference between two structures can be observed better.Published versio

The pore-scale mechanisms of surfactant-assisted spontaneous and forced imbibition in water-wet tight oil reservoirs

The imbibition of water with surfactants, including spontaneous imbibition and forced imbibition, is of great significance for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in tight sandstone reservoirs. Up to now, the migration behaviors of the water and the oil in pores of different sizes, as well as the mechanisms of both spontaneous imbibition and forced imbibition with different surfactants, have not been comprehensively addressed yet. This work first measured the oil-water interfacial tensions (IFTs) and the contact angles in oil-water-rock system with two types of surfactants, namely medium-IFT (0.1–10 mN/m) and low-IFT (0.001–0.1 mN/m) surfactants, at different concentrations to comprehend the functionalities of surfactants on oil recovery. Secondly, the pore size distributions of tight sandstones were determined by the high-pressure mercury intrusion (HPMI) and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology to characterized the pores into three types (micropores, mesopores, and macropores) according to the pore sizes. Eventually, this work presented the oil recovery results in these three types of pores for spontaneous and forced imbibition using the two types of surfactants in water-wet tight core samples. Both spontaneous and forced imbibition results showed that the oil recoveries with surfactants were higher than those with brine, which was primarily attributed to the increased oil in the mesopores and the macropores. However, the addition of low-IFT surfactants apparently reduced the oil recovery in micropores, hence resulted in a lower oil recovery in comparison with the medium-IFT surfactants. It was also found that the oil in micropores contributed more than 50% of the oil recovery in the imbibition, except for the imbibition with low IFT, due to the high initial oil volume ratios in micropores; there could be a moderate IFT value (e.g., 0.1–1 mN/m) with the use of surfactants to obtain the highest oil recovery. Moreover, in comparison with the spontaneous imbibition, the forced imbibition could enhance the imbibition of water into the micropores but prevent the oil from being extracted from the mesopores and the macropores, which consequently led to a higher contribution of the micropores on oil recovery than that of the larger pores, especially the mesopores.This work was supported by National Major Science and Technology Projects of China (2016 ZX05058-003-010), National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX20190065), SPE Nico van Wingen Memorial Fellowship, National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51574086), Open Fund of Xi’an Key Laboratory of Tight Oil (Shale Oil) Development (XSTS-202001)